'In your opinion, what are the key corporate governance issues Essay

'As you would like to think, what are the key corporate administration issues introduced for this situation and why' - Essay Example The essential job of corporate administration manages the administration procedure of the enterprise just as how the administration relates with a few gatherings that are keen on the activities of the company, in particular; investors, workers, executives, clients, loan bosses and providers. Each association wants to have a decent corporate administration that isn't out to just limit the potential dangers of extortion and disappointment yet in addition to improve the monetary exhibition and its venture atmosphere. Such administration relates open reserve funds, speculation, respectability and market certainty making corporate administration a significant incorporation so as to accomplish money related strength and financial development for quite a while. The enterprise being referred to is the Royal Dutch/Shell Group which has remained the third biggest creation and oil creation on the planet. The size of the enterprise makes corporate administration a significant factor as it utiliz es more than 119, 000 representatives in excess of 145 nations (Evans, 2004). For a considerable length of time, Shell/Royal Dutch has been quick to keep up a decent situation among the top most worldwide partnerships. Its corporate administration has generally been keen on the steadiness of the enterprise according to its activities and name. ... ation Governance Issues The affirmation by Royal Dutch/Shell Group that it was confronting expanded oil holds and that it proposed to downsize around four billion oil and gas saves came about to a disturbance among industry investigators just as its speculators who came out emphatically accusing the hazy and complex administration structure that was twin-board for the issues confronting the gathering. Examiners and specialists guaranteed that this sort of structure needed legitimate responsibility just as came about to monetary controls (Hanney, 2004). The primary company issue confronting the Royal Dutch/Shell Group is in this manner its administration structure that involved a twin board. This structure is accepted to have had a few escape clauses in its administration along these lines the few issues related with the gathering. The resulting of the above was a progression of unrest for the gathering. The open declaration of stores decrease asserted that the organization was partia l to accusing human failings through its top officials and not think of pundits on the shortcomings of the structure of Shell (Malin, 2004). The response of the gathering following the mounting pressure from its speculators was to initiate surveys and perceive and valued that it had confused the association in uncommon manners yet at the same time demanded that it is a similar structure that had taken the gathering to the best statures for more than one hundred years along these lines is advocated by the legitimate systems and varying assessment. The issues confronting Shell are an issue of the gathering as well as an issue confronting the global gas and oil industry. Imperial Dutch/Shell Group Governance Structure The fundamental issue confronting the administration of the gathering goes up to a portion of its senior officials who perceive that the partnership holds were exaggerated. Notwithstanding this acknowledgment,

Morality in J.B. Priestleys An Inspector Calls Essay -- J. B. Priestl

'An Inspector Calls' Essay In Act One of 'An Inspector Calls' the manner by which does J.B. Priestley utilize sensational gadgets to pass on his interests and thoughts to the individuals from the crowd, just as intrigue and include them in his play? 'An Inspector Calls' is an ethical quality play - a type of play created in the late medieval times where a Christian good exercise was brought out through the battle between the powers of good and malice - set in 1912, and spins around the scrutinizing of a family by Inspector Goole about the self destruction of a young lady (Eva Smith) that the family knew.The creator, J.B. Priestley is attempting to give us what a few people's haughtiness and childishness can cause without them in any event, taking note. Priestley was a communist, along these lines by composing this play he was causing to notice the awful things about private enterprise. The Inspector was proposing to show the Birlings that ?...we need to share something. On the off chance that there?s nothing else, we?ll need to share our blame? Act One. By saying this, he is disclosing to them they are all as blameworthy as one another of the self destruction of Eva Smith, this additionally connections to Priestley being a commu nist since he is humiliating the Birlings. The doorbell ringing seems to isolate the two states of mind (when the Inspector shows up). Priestley has utilized emotional incongruity by making the doorbell ring to intrude on Birling?s discourse, similarly as he is looking at caring for ?...yourself and your own? Act One, by saying this before the doorbell rings, Birling is as of now diving himself into an opening before he even knows it. It is unexpected on the grounds that the Inspector is here to show him his obligations regarding others, when he is stating you should just take care of your self and your family. As the Inspector enters the ch... ...y liable and thoughtful for what she has done, while Mr and Mrs Birling couldn?t care less and stay unsympathetic all through. The manner in which Mr and Mrs Birling don?t care makes the play fascinating for the crowd, as they are sitting tight for them to break, the Inspector likewise keeps up the crowds fixation by the manner in which he gradually disentangles the story and the manner in which he cross examines individuals in the request that they met the young lady. I think the writer would like to instruct individuals that cash isn?t everything and that individuals who are presumptuous and narrow minded will get their comeuppances in the long run. The lesson of the play despite everything, applies to today?s society since it makes us consider the things we do that include overlooking individuals less blessed than us when we understand that there are Eva Smiths surrounding us simply hanging tight for an opportunity to endure the merciless world we live in.

A new Dean of SIPA has been appointed COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A new Dean of SIPA has been appointed COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Professor Merit E. Janow has been appointed Dean of Columbia’s School of International and Public Affairs effective July 1, 2013. Merit’s strength as a scholar and her deep experience with international public policy make her ideally suited to lead SIPA, the most global school of public affairs in the United States and, perhaps, the world.   A member of Columbia’s faculty since 1994, Merit’s expertise in international trade and investment policy, along with her time spent in Asia and her fluency in Japanese, have allowed her to make significant academic contributions while continuing to play a leading role in national and international institutions.   Merit has had three periods of public service in her career.   Most recently, she has been a member of the World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body, which is responsible for adjudicating appeals in intergovernmental trade disputes. Currently, Merit directs SIPA’s International Finance and Economic Policy (IFEP) concentration, is a co-director of Columbia’s Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Study Center, and is a member of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute.   She teaches both at SIPA and at Columbia Law School. Read more about the appointment here.

Analysis of Chapter 13 Psychological Disorders Essay

In Chapter 13 we learned about Psychological Disorders. Psychological disorders can’t always be seen in everyday life, but it’s something they have to deal with every day. Psychologists have tried many different approaches to aid in a various amount of disorders and have tried to figure out the causes of them. There are many different perspectives on how to deal with a problem and analyzing it. The Psychological Approach has many different perspectives to it. In the psychodynamic perspective the main points are that disorders derive from internal struggles producing anxiety which results in the behavior. Trait perspectives are a â€Å"five factor model† accessing psychological/personality disorders. Humanistic perspective find that disorders†¦show more content†¦Phobic disorders are objects, places, things that people develop a fear of that are not realistically dangerous. People often develop this usually from one past experience. Many people have arachnophobia, acrophobia, claustrophobia, and hydrophobia. There is some strange phobias that people develop like homophobia, fear of long words, fear of popping balloons and fear that somewhere a duck is watching you. I don’t know if it was from when I was a child but I fear that people are going to let go of their ball oons or pop them, which is very strange. My friend has agoraphobia which greatly affected her social life, and only last year got over it to find a job and be able to shop by herself. I used to have to drag her into town when I needed to go and if she saw someone we knew she would hide, and would even run out of the store. Many people think they have a disorder but just have some personality traits of the disorder. I don’t like when people say they have Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) when in fact they just like cleanliness. There is a big difference in personality traits and actual disorders. OCD is uncontrollable and it’s not always just wanted things clean. Many times it is like a ritual they have to do every day and go into a very stressful state when they forget to do something. Often times soldiers who come back from war, rape victims and other people who have experienced a very disturbing event will develop Post-traumatic stressShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )989 Words   |  4 Pages Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Sarah Batson Eastern Florida State College, Melbourne CLP 2140 03M Abstract In today s society, it has become prevalent that the amount of individuals suffering from mental illnesses is rapidly increasing. This paper will focus on one of the disorders associated with mental illness – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The introduction will define and describe the disorder, and the following paragraphs will discuss causes, symptoms, target populationsRead MoreThe Case Of Leslie Wilfred1743 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity members. The community heard from the parents of how troublesome Leslie’s stepson was, but never saw him act out the way that her and Chris had explained to be. Leslie mentioned that she dealt with two more illnesses with her children. Leslie’s 13-year-old son had his Gallbladder removed at a younger age due to what Leslie explained as frequent vomiting. The reason for the procedure was unclear to the rest of the family, yet Chris was ready to donate part of his liver to save Leslie’s son’s lifeRead MoreThe Science Of Psychology And Psychology2314 Words   |  10 PagesChapter 1: The Science of Psychology Downs, Martin. â€Å"Psychology vs. Psychiatry: Which is better?† WebMd.com. WebMD, Inc., 2005. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. The article is about the importance of psychology, the article is written by the Downs Martin in the year of 2005. This article is very much important and it is providing information about the psychology and about the psychiatrist. In the medical treatment the psychological is very useful and significant means of medical treatment. According to writerRead MoreEssay about Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)1072 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social Anxiety Disorder or social phobia, is the third largest mental health care problem in the world. (Stein, 2010) National statistical surveys carried out in 2002 in the United Kingdom suggest that the prevalence rates for social phobias among young people in the UK were around 4%. (National Statistics, 2002) ‘Social phobia is characterised by intense and persistent fear of social situations in which scrutiny and embarrassment could occur’. (Orsillo Hammond 2001, p.159)Read More Juvenile Crime and Socio Economic Factors Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal who might be breaking into some one’s house or threatening someone at gun point. In the following paragraphs, a detailed analysis has been made to explore the different avenues through which these socio economic factors contribute to creating the delinquents of today’s youth. Before moving into the details, it is worth mentioning that the following analysis would be based on a set of socio economic indicators that is made up of; family, socio-economic class and factors that also includesRead More Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) Essay2698 Words   |  11 Pagesvariety of psychological and physiological problems. Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT), which can be provided in a group or individual settings, is designed to promote improvement in a human’s physical, social, emotional, or cognitive function. An article by Chitic, Rusu, and Szamoskozi (2012) provides an analysis in order to determine the value of AAT. Both dogs and horses that were trained for AAT were examined and studied to determine their effectiveness in treating patients with psychological disordersRead MoreUnited States Legal Analysis Of The Hague Convention1411 Words   |  6 Pagesthe country to which the children are being returned will indeed fully protect them and their abused mother†. [1] â€Å"The U.S. Department of States Legal Analysis of the Hague Convention (51 Fed. Reg. 10494 (1986)) prepared for the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations to which the Convention was referred, confirms the intention that Article 13 was intended to be afforded a narrow interpretation. In this regard the State Department stated that the drafters were aware that any exceptions had to beRead MoreComparing Behavior Problems of Normal Children and Children With Disabilities1845 Words   |  7 PagesBlacher Olsson, 2005, p. 581), the researchers ran ANCOVA tests of variance between presence of developmental delay, behavior problems and depression and marital adjustment in both male and female parents when fathers were present. In a second analysis, Baker et al. (2005) probed for moderating effects of optimism as a personality trait on perception of parental well-being and childhood behavior problems (581). MacDonald (2009) explains that ANCOVA is a variant of ANOVA used to compare reg ressionsRead MoreCan Natural Medicine or Non-Medicinal Therapies Treat Eating Disorders Effectively?548 Words   |  2 PagesIt can be inferred from the preceding research that anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and obesity are all multifactorial disorders. Each requires a slightly different approach, yet there are effective alternate solutions for all three. Anorexia is most effectively treated by nutrient therapy. Physical health is the top priority in anorexic patients because the disorder takes a large toll on the body. Critical conditions pushes care to a near-emergency level because the body can easily shutdown due to extremeRead MoreApplied Research Essay example1494 Words   |  6 PagesApplied Research Experimental and descriptive research designs, statistics, and inferences in psychological settings and methods differ in many ways yet have similar qualities. All psychological research follows ethical codes and regulations. Each type of experiment discussed contains similarities and differences. The importance of each research method for individuals and societies varies according to the need addressed in creating the project. Beneficial interventions and treatments are developed

Examples Of Character Development In The Hobbit - 730 Words

Throughout life or a story people and characters change over time. Not always is the change for the good, but there is hope that it usually is. In books the hero will usually evolve to be an even greater character than they were in the beginning of the story. They may grow courage or bravery, or even find themselves as a person. In The Hobbit, written by J.R.R. Tolkien, the main character and hero, Bilbo Baggins changes a great deal over the time of the adventure he embarked on. In the beginning, as Bilbo is called to the adventure he is very cowardly. Some of it is of course by nature because he is a hobbit after all. Hobbits are meant to live peacefully in their little hobbit holes and stick to what they know, definitely not go out on†¦show more content†¦Bilbo was able to believe in his ability and outsmart Gollum, saving himself and in the end all the others. As far as he has come from the beginning of this story he still had farther to change for the better. Bilbo starts to fully develop during and after he meets the conformation of Smaug, the dragon. When he take initiative of the group and the situation, going into the fortress and confronting Smaug. Once Smaug is dead however Bilbo is left with a problem. Thorin, the leader of the expedition wanted more than anything the Arkenstone, which Bilbo had earlier found buried in the treasure. Even though Thorin was part of the expedition Bilbo chose to go against him to better things in the long run. Thorin was threatening to fight the Lakemen and Bilbo knew the only thing Thorin would do anything for would be the Arkenstone. So, in acts to save many lives he handed the Arkenstone over to the Lakenmen. This is extremely important because Bilbo turned away from what would be easy, giving the Arkenstone to his companion, but instead did what he thought was best for everyone. He trusted himself to make the right decision, no longer being timid or doubtful of his actions. Although Bilbo started out being a somewhat shy, cowardly hobbit living a straightforward, uncomplicated life, following the unspoken rules of what hobbits were supposed to do, he evolved to be self-assured and brave.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Tolkien s The Hobbit 1315 Words   |  6 Pages What would it be like to embark on a journey or do something unlike anything else one has ever done before? Some may seek thrill and adventure, but living in the same world as a hobbit, one might think twice about venturing out. The Hobbit is an allegorical novel by J.R.R. Tolkien. The story follows the protagonist, Bilbo Baggins as he sets out to undertake a long journey with a wizard named Gandalf and thirteen dwarves. In the beginning of the novel Bilbo doesn’t feel the need to set out on a journeyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hobbit 1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hobbit takes after the mission of home-cherishing hobbit Bilbo Baggins to win an offer of the fortune watched by Smaug th e mythical beast. Bilbo s trip takes him from cheerful, country surroundings into a viler region. The story is told as a rambling mission, and most sections present a particular animal or kind of creatures of Tolkien s topography. Bilbo picks up another level of development, capability, and intelligence by tolerating the offensive, sentimental, fey, and brave sides of hisRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings Series845 Words   |  4 Pagesthe â€Å"King-Who-Returns† archetype (Lakowski 5). He of course isn’t the only hero and is accompanied by a different kind of hero or the â€Å"common man hero† ( Flieger 1). The story could have made the story about Aragorn but Tolkien centered the book on hobbits—a very unlikely hero. In â€Å"Frodo and Aragorn: The Concept of the Hero† Verlyn Flieger argues that Tolkien uses both kind of heroes: The conventional medieval story, whether epic, romance, fairy-tale, or some combination of these, most often focusesRead MoreThe Hobbit, Or There And Back Again1491 Words   |  6 PagesAmanda van der Merwe Wide Reading #4 - novel The Hobbit, or There and Back Again. â€Å"The world is not in your books and maps.† - J.R.R Tolkien.   Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Hobbit’, written by Tolkien which was published in 1937, follows the journey of a â€Å"reluctant hobbit† who sets out on a unexpected adventure to the Lonely Mountains, with a â€Å"spirited group† of dwarves and a â€Å"talented wizard†, to reclaim their mountain home - and the gold within it - from the dragon Smaug.   Through this dynamic text, Tolkien conveys toRead MoreThe Hobbit Character Analysis831 Words   |  4 Pagesmoment within climactic events. In his epic tale The Hobbit, J.R.R Tolkien does a fantastic job of developing his character, Bilbo Baggins, from a cowardly, self-concerned hobbit, into a stout and courageous hobbit, who leaves his comfortable home, and goes on the adventure of a lifetime to better the lives of those he comes to consider dear to him. In the beginning of The Hobbit, Tolkien explains that the character Bilbo is a very well-to-do hobbit who never does anything out of the ordinary. BilboRead MoreA Dog s Head By Jean Dutourd1454 Words   |  6 Pagesdualistic and fragmented. As a story goes on, it documents the evolution of a characters’ identity, and how these characters are often changed by their experiences. In the novel The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkein, the main character Bilbo embarks on an adventure which expands his identity and knowledge in terms of what form of identity fits him best, either Took or Baggins. In the novel A Dog’s Head by Jean Dutourd, the main character Edmond, who has a body of a human and the head of a dog, goes through aRead MoreThe Adventure of a Lifetime in J.R.R. Tolkiens Story, The Hobbit1467 Words   |  6 Pageswith a character going on an quest by choice, but J.R.R Tolkien’s story The Hobbit is tale about a hobbit who does nothing but stay in a hole and live a quiet life until the wizard Gandalf whisks him onto a quest to find the lonely mountain and to find his true self. The Hobbit’s main theme is Bilbo’s development into a hero, While its thesis is that an individual with integrity can overcome an obstacle in is path with the help of friends, the story shows the development of a normal hobbit to somethingRead MoreThe Hobbit1067 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature set in a fantasy oriented stage will have no merits to the youths of today. The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien, however, with its crafty of usage symbolism, displays its relevance to issues that often trouble teens. As the story progresses from a children’s tale to an epic, the main character Bilbo undergoes a series of development, his experiences often overlapping with ordinary people. Reading the Hobbit will provide teens with opportunities of exploring the importance of several common butRead MoreEssay on The Cost of Redemption in the Lord of the Rings 1449 W ords   |  6 Pagesand their allies, as well as in individual characters. Boromir, a tragic hero of Tolkien’s work has essentially good qualities marred by his corrupt desires for power and the Ring. The character of Gollum has an on-going internal struggle between the part of him that is corrupted by the Ring and his originally innocent self, Smeagol, who struggles to be good. However, as long as good and evil both exist, redemption is also possible. If Gollum, for example, was portrayed as only evil, and the SmeagolRead MoreThe Fiction Genre And Will Cover Key Stage 2 And The Hobbit By J.r. R Tolkien3189 Words   |  13 PagesThe texts to be examined in this assignment are all from the Fantasy Fiction Genre and will cover Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3 as these are both relevant to those covered within lectures. We will begin with Key Stage 2 and The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien looking for examples as to why this would be considered Key Stage Two. The same process will be follo wed with The Silmarillion by the same author for Key Stage 3. Once the key stages have been confirmed for each piece of literature we can then begin to

Solutions for Popular Persuasive Essay Topics

Solutions for Popular Persuasive Essay Topics Getting the Best Popular Persuasive Essay Topics Persuasive or argumentative essays are supposed to convince the audience of a person's viewpoint about a specific topic. Keep in mind, persuasive essay topics don't need to be politically correct all the moment, they may be controversial. They don't usually have to be of a serious nature, you can write about issues that are relevant inside your life. Good persuasive essay topics must be persuasive. Essay writing has ever been a component of the majority of university and college curriculum. The author should pick a topic that can be well defended and debatable. If you're thinking about how to compose a persuasive essay, you have to know that writing an essay is a complicated process. If so, you're in for writing a very good essay. Before you commence working on the paper, you must go through several topics to compose a persuasive essay on. The most effective persuasive short essays often concentrate on controversial problems. The thesis gives you a guideline about how to go about with writing the essay. Several essay subjects are hard to locate, indeed. The One Thing to Do for Popular Persuasive Essay Topics A persuasive speech unlike any other type of speech appears forward to convincing the audience to observe issues or things in your standpoint. So as to prevent that from happening, below are some pointers on how best to decide on the most effective persuasive speech topics. In the majority of instances, you will need to think of a topic that will enable other people to realize your perspective, and telling them to feel that what you write is true. In an issue of speaking, picking out persuasive essay topics is similar to telling yourself what you need to convey to the rest of earth. The Battle Ov er Popular Persuasive Essay Topics and How to Win It Another good idea is to receive some completely free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a prosperous debatable paper looks. The very best advice, however, is to just locate an interesting method to broach everyday questions. While it could be hard to select from such a number of persuasive speech topics, consider which of the above you've got the most knowledge of and can argue your opinion on. If you pick a difficult essay topic for a specific reason, or when you have zero choice and thegiven topic doesn't interest you much, do take the assistance of Professional Advisers. Persuasive essay ideas entail a correct research on the subject, awareness of the targeted readers' biases and a great understanding of each side of the matter. You may believe that choosing persuasive speech topics is a bit of cake. Hence, if you believe banking essays are boring just like your organization studies are, then you're probably wrong here. The very best persuasive essays persuade the reader to agree with a specific point of view, perspective or maybe to take a particular action. Popular Persuasive Essay Topics Help! Following that, writers would need to have the ability to take a very clear stand on what they think is right concerning the issue till they begin writing their arguments. At the exact same time, it's an amazing persuasive essay idea. If you're fighting to find one, try out a fantastic essay writing service to conserve time. If you still struggle to find something which it is possible to write about, you always have the option to consider our profess ional speedy essay writing service.

Health Management for Translational Behavioral -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth Managementfor Translational Behavioral Medicine. Answer: In the organization currently, the government funds working resources under the national health reform agreement. The Australian government, states, and territories have mutual accountability of financing public hospital amenities. The government has granted in contributing half the efficient price of development in public hospital facilities by 1 July this year. Activity grounded funding has assumed as the principal basis for funding the standard of general infirmary services. Some amenities, such as some smaller country hospices, continue to be block funded meaning that they obtain a set amount of cash rather than funding built on the quantity and type of distinct services delivered. The primary expenses of the organization are teaching of the existing staffs and newly recruited workers, conducting research and facilitating training services to the organization stakeholders. Wages and remuneration also play a part of being considered in the context of the main expense in the firm. Staffs get satisfied with their job when salary and wage are in line with the market pay, and this improves the final yield of that particular organization highly. The groups main aim is not profit making, but it is giving services to the patients to ensure they are in a position to cater as many lives as possible (Yim at al. 2016). However, the organization needs to generate some cash out of the services they are giving out to ensure they get enough money to pay staff and buy a ny others resources required in the organization. The cost of service provision in every organization should always consider ensuring that they do not operate in loss path hence collapsing in future. In this case, health services organization should always consider cost-effective measures to ensure that they are in the position to cater for all the required tasks in the firm. Providing health doles is an important tool for constructing a competitive workforce. For job searchers, the strength of an employer's assistance package may be approximately as treasured as salary. In fact, for a potential employee who has more than one dependents, benefits may be even more significant than salary. Therefore, managers that want to hire the best, most active employees must be equipped to pay the price in striking, competitive health care reimbursements (Gopee Galloway, 2017, p743). In recent years, managers have tried many methods to regulate the ever-rising costs of providing services to ensure they are left with some momentary resources for paying salaries to the employees. Paces that can produce cost hoards relatively quickly embrace offering new hires reportage that is less generous than that provided to new hires, requiring amplified cost sharing for all health strategy participants, and combining third-party merchants or pooling insurance risks to achieve frugality of scale. Yeah, health institution should always be willing to save human lives no matter what it costs. However, the individuals offering the services needs pay reason that they are human beings and most of them got families behind to cater for their well-being. Also, to save lives, they are required many resources in the health unit like machinery that is costly to acquire and maintain. One way of reducing cost in the organization is by reducing staff turnover. It is expensive to train new crews after recruitment, and this should always be minimized by ensuring keeping of already acquired workers in the organization. Aside from posting competitive pay and reimbursements packages, some methods for recalling current staff include rationalization processes to ease worker workload, offering rewards and gratitude, treating employees with esteem and promoting from within organization structure. Also, streamline services can act as a method of reducing the operating costs in the organization. Healthcare frontrunners often try to achieve too many tasks at once, leaving them incapable to get the grades they want from any of them. Managers need to envisage their ideal future formal and then find the wildest and most efficient way to accomplish their goals. According to (Appiah, 2016, p 543) decreasing the use of travel or agency staffing also may be considered in cutting off the costs in health centers. Some organizations tend to use more money in facilitation transport aspect of their staffs, and this acquires a high amount of cash hence increasing the cost of operating at the end. Each organization in operation should always try to come up with measures to cut the cost of running. When coming up with the cutting cost strategies the management should consider not decreasing the quality of services provided to the customers hence maintaining them. In the organization, a budget is mainly done by considering various steps to ensure most critical aspects of the firm cost are well catered. The first step is establishing the business plan of the organization, and by doing this, the management will be in the position to make budget decisions in the framework of an overall long-range plan of the business. Except one have such an idea, there is no way to conclude what investments needed to make or what assets need to acquire. Another step is establishing a speculation evaluation structure. After deciding that convinced kinds of investments are unwavering with the business plan, degree the financial desirability of the available preferences (Watson, 2013, p78). The assessment system one choose should be appropriate for scrutinizing all types of capital budgets, regardless of their spell. There are deficiencies in the budget where the income level is low then the outcomes in the organization. The flaws mostly brought by poor strategies of running the organization where a high number of resources is used as compared to the returns got from the services. The management should always try to make sure the budget provided is considered when in the line of operation. This means additional tasks adding no value to the organization output should be removed from service. Deficits in the budget have some implications for the functioning of the organization under consideration. This involvement includes fewer returns from the tasks hence less cash to cater for financial needs in the firm like paying of wages. Lack of wages to the staffs can lead to go slow that affects efficient operations of the organization. Yes, the organization currently in funds are facilitated through activity-based funding (ABF) where the government supports the hospital according to the services they have provided for a particular year. This model of financing is somehow disadvantageous to the organization reason that there likely to have a financial crisis of operation in the departments. When funds are only paid according to the services given it, means there will be no cash to cater of other subordinate tasks that go in hand with health services. Payment of subordinate staffs like cleaners, gate persons are not accounted in the activity based funding meaning that the organization will experience short of cash in that aspect (Nguyen, Whitehall, Edwards, 2017, p90). To my view, I think ABF is not a good model of funding hospitals reason that it does not cater for all the required activities in the organization and hence it should be abolished to facilitate a new type of financing introduction. This policy to my v iew is not the best, and the government should consider its revision to ensure it will be active in the organizations. It affects how government institutions are providing services to the public as the staff will give less, and reduced services with the aim of minimizing costs as the funds got from the funding organizations are less. Key message learned from the course is that government should try to come up with strategies that are sound in the provision of adequate funds to the organization to ensure efficient service delivery acquire. Management of organization should make sure there is a budget in place to ensure efficient operation taking place at all times. The course is educative in the sense that it portrays measures of achieving anticipated goals when at same putting on strategies to minimize operating costs. The course cannot lack particular concepts that will help individuals in running their daily activities. The central concepts is that of ensuring best services are provided to patients without consideration of payment acquired after provision of those services. The ideas will help by making sure I always see forward in giving services to the patients at all times of the year regardless if there are payments provided in any form (Palmer et al. 2014). References Boudreaux, E. D., Waring, M. E., Hayes, R. B., Sadasivam, R. S., Mullen, S., Pagoto, S. (2014). Evaluating and selecting mobile health apps: strategies for healthcare providers and healthcare organizations. Translational behavioral medicine, 4(4), 363-371. Bresnen, M., Hodgson, D., Bailey, S., Hyde, P., Hassard, J. (2017). Mobilizing management knowledge in healthcare: Institutional imperatives and professional and organizational mediating effects. Management Learning, 1350507617718257. Effah, P., Appiah, K. O., Abor, P. A. (2016). Performance Assessment of the Juaboso District Office of the National Health Insurance Authority. Value in health regional issues, 10, 29-35. Watson, D. (2013). The National Health Performance Authority. The Medical Journal of Australia, 198(3), 133. Gopee, N., Galloway, J. (2017). Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage. Walston, S. L. (2014). Strategic healthcare management: Planning and execution. Health Administration Press, a division of the Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Groves, P., Kayyali, B., Knott, D., Kuiken, S. V. (2016). The'big data'revolution in healthcare: Accelerating value and innovation. https://www.federalfinancialrelations.gov.au/content/npa/health_reform/national-agreement.pdf https://www.myhospitals.gov.au/our-reports/cost-of-acute-admitted-patients/april-2016/report) Huppertz, J. W., Strosberg, M., Burns, S., Chaudhri, I. (2014). The uniqueness of US healthcare management: A linguistic analysis of competency models and application to health administration education. Journal of Health Administration Education, 31(3), 197-214. Nguyen, L., Whitehall, J., Edwards, M. (2017). Accuracy of clinical coding for febrile seizures and implications for activity?based funding. Internal Medicine Journal, 47(S3), 21-21. Palmer, K. S., Agoritsas, T., Martin, D., Scott, T., Mulla, S. M., Miller, A. P., ... Merglen, A. (2014). Activity-based funding of hospitals and its impact on mortality, readmission, discharge destination, severity of illness, and volume of care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 9(10), e109975. Yim, Y. M., Gandhi, M., Guerin, A., Ionescu-Ittu, R., Pivneva, I., Shi, S., Wu, E. (2016). Impact of severe adverse events during second-line therapy on healthcare costs in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC).

Jysk Porter 5 Forces Essay Example

Jysk Porter 5 Forces Paper For the external analysis I will do a Porter 5-Force analysis on the Micro environment of JYSK on the Chinese market. First I want to have a look at the Industry competitors, so the rivalry. If we take a look on the Chinese market, we can see that there is already a fierce competition going on the market. Domestic and foreign retailers like IKEA or Wal-Mart have already successful penetrated the market. The number will increase constantly, because everybody wants a piece of the cake. If we look at the entry market for JYSK, that would be Shanghai, so there is already a large furniture center. There is no concept like JYSK so far, but most of the segments they serve are already covered, like mattresses. The Chinese market suffers from plagiarism; there is no uniqueness due to that. Next I want to have a look at the potential entrants. In general there are no big entry barriers; it’s easy to penetrate the market. Costs are quiet low. The sorts of concepts you can offer are limited, there is no franchise retail chain on the market yet. We will write a custom essay sample on Jysk Porter 5 Forces specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jysk Porter 5 Forces specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jysk Porter 5 Forces specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer IKEA is similar, but different because it’s a self-service shop. The advantage of being a famous European chain is no advantage in china any more, Chinese are brand fixed, but they don’t know European brands on the market that much. For the potential entrants there is to mention, that almost the whole world wants to join the Chinese market and there is and there will be even more beginners. Next I want to have a look at the substitutes. Substitutes do not exist due to the uniqueness of the product-level. It’s almost impossible to substitute a mattress, of course you can use an air mattress, but the possible substitutes are not worth to be mentioned. The big problem is the Chinese patent system, because there is none, the market suffers from plagiarism. Next I want to have a look at the buyers and there Power. The bargaining power of furniture buyers in china is pretty low. Furniture creates less significance for buying ambitions. Most of the time Chinese don’t even buy it by themselves due to a lack of time. If we think about switching costs in that segment, they are low. It’s hard to tie the customer, because the products JYSK sales are exchangeable without any switching costs and the possibilities will be even more in the future. As a result of that the bargaining power growths. Chinese are very open and well informed though very brand fixed, it is easier to tie them with a brand than a product. The consumers are very price sensitive, they want more for less. It’s important to consider national special features, ike not using some colors (yellow) because of their special meaning. Buyers want hard mattresses and because of the fast changing generations the trend of bed-linen and duvets will be change as well. Next I want to have a look at the suppliers. There is already a fierce competition going on at the local supplier market, mass production of less quality is floating the market. Way cheaper than JYSK products. The large number of manufacturers pushed the bargaining po wer of the Chinese furniture industry suppliers. Conclusion: Porter’s 5 Forces has shown that the Chinese furniture market is developing quite fast and changing all the time and due to this suffers from different circumstances (e. g. changing customer needs/ less raw materials). Focusing the micro-level it must be stated that the market is defined by intensive competition due to rivalry in conquering market shares. While entering the market is nothing in the way, companies must be rather careful to prevent plagiarism and stuck to what they are good at. Keep their focus on the brand and less at the variety of the products because the Chinese market offers every product already way cheaper.

Eastern University Admissions and Tuition

Eastern University Admissions and Tuition Eastern University Admissions Overview: Eastern University is not highly selective, as it has a 61% acceptance rate. Students will generally need solid grades and test scores in order to be admitted. To apply, prospective students need to submit a completed application (online or through the mail), scores from the SAT or ACT, an academic reference, and a high school transcript. There is an essay question students can choose to respond to, although it is not required. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Eastern University Acceptance Rate: 61%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 470 / 570SAT Math: 460 / 570SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 19  / 23ACT English: 18 / 24ACT Math: 17  / 25What these ACT numbers mean Eastern University Description: A Christian university affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA, Eastern University is located on a suburban campus in St. Davids, Pennsylvania, just west of Philadelphia  (see  all Philadelphia area colleges). Started as a department of the Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary in 1925, the University became its own entity in 1952, moving to its present location. Eastern University is committed to an education grounded in Christian faith, reasoning, and justice. The main undergraduate campus offers 35 majors and 34 minors (some of the most common majors include business, finance, and ministry), and professional fields such as education and nursing are quite popular. The universitys 14 to 1 student to faculty ratio allows for small classes and opportunities for students to work with their professors on a more individual basis. On the athletic front, the Eastern Eagles compete in the NCAA Division III Middle Atlantic Conferences. The college fields seven mens and nine wome ns intercollegiate sports as well as several club sports. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 3,420  (2,082 undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 30% Male / 70% Female85% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $31,140Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,674Other Expenses: $3,330Total Cost: $46,344 Eastern University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100%Loans: 76%Average Amount of AidGrants: $21,137Loans: $8,316 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Elementary Education, Nursing, Psychology, Youth MinistryWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 78%4-Year Graduation Rate: 55%6-Year Graduation Rate: 65% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Track and Field, Baseball, Basketball, Golf, Soccer, Lacrosse, Tennis, Cross Country  Womens Sports:  Basketball, Volleyball, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country, Soccer, Field Hockey, Softball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics Eastern and the Common Application Eastern University uses the  Common Application. These articles can help guide you: Common Application essay tips and samplesShort answer tips and samplesSupplemental essay tips and samples If You Like Eastern University, You May Also Like These Schools: Drexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphArcadia University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLa Salle University: Profile  Pennsylvania State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCabrini College: Profile  Marywood University: Profile  Albright College: Profile  Shippenburg University of Pennsylvania: ProfileAlvernia University: Profile  Temple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMessiah College: Profile  Liberty University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBloomsburg University of Pennsylvania: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Business Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Business Final exam - Essay Example For example with the development of the recent accusations against AB sugar, there is a need to strategize. Strategizing will involve analyzing the eight business environments in which the company operates. Here we analyze the people who are the end users of the product or the people we do business. Their identities, consumption behaviors, habits, needs and even their situation in life. The company AB sugar deals with a complex customer environment that includes other businesses, the government, groups, and even the individual himself (Albrecht, p6). All these people represent AB sugar’s patrons. Analysis of the consumer environment may be demographically in terms of gender, age, and their buying habits. How health conscious are they and what is their attitude towards institutions and companies like AB sugar (Albrecht, p5). Here the issue of the customer also comes up. Whom are we competing? We should aim at identifying their weaknesses, their current and previous behaviors and get to know their motives. Interaction between the potential competitor and the customer you are both aiming to do business with is an issue to look at. What are the products they are bringing into the market (Albrecht, p6)? For example, the players, in this case may be other companies in the same line of business, sugar, and who may be influencing the customer to do less business with you (Albrecht, p6). The economic environment is complex and volatile. In this case, we look mainly at the market itself. What are the latest trends, prices, and even costs? What is the market dynamics generally? AB sugar needs to be up to date with the changes taking place in the market in order to identify changes it may benefit from or those it needs to change for it to benefit (Albrecht, p6-p7). What are the new technologies developed, what are the trends in technology for example in production or marketing or what are

Assess the strengths of the UN Special Procedures mechanisms Essay

Assess the strengths of the UN Special Procedures mechanisms - Essay Example investigations and analysis are used to make recommendations for remedying and improving flaws in human rights protection and enforcement.3 Thus the Special Procedures facilitates a perpetual and vigilant supervision of international human rights and in doing so emphasizes the importance of human rights defence and protection. A number of strengths have been identified in the literature. The UN Special Procedures also calls for coordination and collaboration between the various organs of the UN and also between these organs and Non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In doing so, not only expertise, but the input of those who are in a position to observe and report on human rights protection progress and protection failures. This can usually include those whose human rights have been infringed or are jeopardized and the state in which those rights are compromised.4 Therefore, the Special Procedures of the UN’s mechanism is predicated on a process of human rights protection and promotion founded on the best available information. In addition to investigating and analyzing international human rights issues and ascertaining appropriate remedial action, the Special Procedures also monitors its own mechanisms.5 In this regard, the Special Procedures is a perpetually improving paradigm and always identifying how it can best achieve its goal of protecting and promoting international human rights. In other words, the Special Procedures mechanisms are not merely monitoring human rights, but it is also monitoring its own review and investigative mechanisms for optimal outcomes. This is enabled by the ad hoc nature of the Special Procedures. As an ad hoc system, the Special Procedures allows for changes to be made to its mechanism in response to changing conditions and circumstances. For example in 2011, the Human Rights Council reviewed its â€Å"work and functioning† and established â€Å"essential principles, such as the obligation of States to cooperate with special

Approaches To Teaching EFL Writing

Approaches To Teaching EFL Writing Feedback in writing has recently received a growing interest from SLA researchers due to its instrumental role in second language education. Literature suggests that as an important component of language, writing skill in a second language can greatly benefit from teachers comments particularly in the form of written feedback on learners written products. Previous research has investigated the role of teachers corrective feedback on learners written assignments (e.g., Ferris Roberts 2001, Ferris 2004; Harmer, 2001) and learners expectations on teachers error correction in their written work (e.g., Lee, 2009; Nunan 1999; Williams, 2001). These studies suggest that for improvement of learners writing skills in a second language teacher feedback is indispensable. With this in mind, this chapter discusses the importance of feedback in development of EFL learners writing skills in tandem with key issues and previous studies related to corrective feedback in the literature. It first discusses the nature of writing as one of the four main skills in language acquisition/learning (i.e., listening, speaking, reading, and writing) and common approaches undertaken to teaching writing in EFL contexts. It then discusses what feedback entails and identifies different types of error correction followed by a discussion of the role of feedback in EFL education in classroom setting. Finally, this chapter summarizes and concludes the literature review which provides insights into understanding better feedback practices in EFL classrooms. What is Writing? For any study that involves investigation of learners written work, it seems necessary to establish a working definition of writing. Numerous assumptions and definitions have been proposed to specify the concept of writing in the literature. Customarily, writing refers to a set of visible signs representing elements of a language which are arranged systematically. This system is referred to as writing system of the language. Coulmas (2003) defines writing as a set of visible or tactile signs used to represent unit of language in a systematic way, with the purpose of recording messages which can be retrieved by everyone who knows the language in question and the rules by virtue of which its units are encoded in the writing system. Bryne (1979) views writing as transforming our thoughts into language; a very complex skill that requires both physical and mental activity on the part of writer. Bryne (1979) further notes that writing is the last and perhaps most difficult skill learners l earn if they ever do. While these definitions provide an understanding of the nature of writing and its qualities, what is obvious is the fact that writing is a complex and demanding process that is difficult to master particularly for those who want to produce accurate and precise pieces of writing in a second language. Among various reasons cited for complications attributed to writing, Bryne (1991) suggests three main causes that make writing an arduous task. The first, that he calls psychological problem, is caused as a result of lack of interaction and feedback between the reader and the writer. As such, to tackle this kind of problems writers rely to a great extent to their readers feedback and evaluation of their written product. Understanding this problem is of importance for language learners to improve their writing since they need to take into account their audiences likes and dislikes. The second complexity is language related; that is, lack of adequate linguistic knowledge prevents us from fully monitoring what we intend to say. This shows that linguistic competence in dominantly instrumental in developing writing skills. The third problem is cognitive, whose causes can be linked it instructional inadequacies. This emphasizes the role of writing courses in framing learners writing abilit ies as well as language teachers central roles as providers of appropriate input and feedback in such courses. As such, in light of this short review on the nature of writing task and what factors might influence a second language learners attainment of this skill, it can be inferred that teaching writing can be informed by the teachers perspectives towards such a practice in instructional settings. To further illustrate this point, the next section presents two of the most common approaches to teaching writing in a second language. Approaches To Teaching EFL Writing Writing as a Product The first approach to teaching writing, which has been known as traditional approach, is product approach, which focuses on the final product, the coherent and the error-free text (Nunan, 1999).This approach has been practiced widely since the 1950s well into 1970s. Britton (1996:30) noted that product approach emphasized correct usage, correct grammar and correct spelling in the language and that it stressed overwhelming attention toward à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦topic sentence, the various methods of developing the paragraphà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and the holy trinity of unity, coherence and other aspects of writing. Additionally, in this approach, composing is primarily viewed as a linear process that predictably starts with a topic selection to pre-writing activities, followed by actual writing and editing. The teacher only looks at the paper when it is done. Selection of topic Pre-writing activities Writing Rewriting, editing, proofreading Figure 1: Process Line (Product Approach) There are basically two main concerns with the product approach: the written product, and the grammatical accuracy. The emphasis on written product is clear in the fact that the teacher only responds to the composition once it is finished, and not before or while it is in progress. According to Jordan (1997:11), during the practice of product approach, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a model is provided with various exercises undertaken for learners to be able to internalize the prescribed patterns. Then, learners are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦required to product similar or parallel text. Nunan (1999) mentioned that the composing process in the traditional approach is viewed as linear process. It proceeds systematically from the planning or prewriting stages, to composing stage, to the revising stage (usually nothing more than copy-editing), and the final draft stage, with the writer progressing from one stage to the next without backtracking. The piece of writing handed in by the learners is the final text and is supposed to be his/her best piece of work where further revision in not needed. The feedback and correction made on the texts by the teachers would not make any difference at this stage. The focus of this approach is on the final, the coherent, error-free text, thus it is also known as the product oriented approach (Nunan 1999). As such, looking at this direct effect, the product approach does not appear to fulfill the true nature of writing. It stops short at considering writing being a skill by itself, not just a manner to attain linguistic competence. It is lacking in terms of interaction between the teacher and the text, where teachers will only see the final product, not knowing how it was developed. Lastly, as it assumes that writing is a linear process and that learners know exactly what to write about in their writing, it fails to consider how learners develop their ideas and meaning. Writing as a Process The second approach of teaching writing that has been dominant over the recent years and is opposed to traditional ways of teaching writing is process approach. The predominance of process approach has given rise to the role of feedback as an essential component of writing courses. The notion of writing as process was introduced to EFL studies by Zamel (1976), who argued that advanced EFL writers are similar to L1 writers and can benefit from instruction emphasizing the process of writing. As opposed to the view of writing as a reproduction of previously learned syntactic or discourse structures, the process-based approach emphasized the view of writing as a process of developing organization as well as meaning. In light of this view, invention strategies, multiple drafts, and formative feedback from by the teacher and/or the peers are also considered important parts of writing instruction in EFL writing classrooms. A research conducted by Zamel (1983) has revealed that composing is a non-linear, exploratory, and generative process whereby writers discover and reformulate their ideas i.e., writers often backtrack and revise from the moment they start till they finish the final draft. Writers go back and forth from one stage to another is a non-systematic way. Written texts under this approach are not treated as a final and fixed product but as part of complex process, which is recursive. There would be many drafts written by the learners on a single topic and teachers would response to every draft in order to help improve their writing and finally attaining the best written piece. The whole process begin by the learners writing their first draft and submitting later to their teacher for feedback. After writing their feedback on the learners essays, the teacher returns them to the learners . The learners write another draft by taking into consideration teachers feedback. The process then is repea ted with draft going back and forth between the teacher and the learners. If a learners draft is still not satisfactory to both the learner himself/herself and the learners draft would be repeat. That means the additional draft would be the final piece of learners writing to be submitted to the teacher. Hence, what is evident here is that in traditional approach (i.e., product approach) response is given once, whereas in the process approach, responses would be given in many drafts. The intention is to build up learners confidence and also slowly attain the best piece of writing. In this approach, the main concern of the teacher is to help learners develop their ideas, therefore, throughout the earlier writing stages; the teacher would be stressing more on content. Nunan (1999) notes that the teacher focuses less on a perfect final draft product than the development of successive drafts of a text. He further states that the focus in the first instance is on quantity rather than quality, and writers are encouraged to get their ideas onto paper without worrying too much about formal correctness in the initial stages. Because of this, the traditional way of responding to a composition would not be suitable to the process writing approach. In the same token, Nunan (2001) clearly states how very different the process approach is from the traditional product-oriented approach. He contends that whereas the product approach focuses on writing tasks in which the learner imitates, copies and transforms teacher supplied models, the process approach focuses on the steps involved in creating a piece of work. The primary goal of product writing is then an error-free coherent text while process writing allows for the fact that no text can be perfect, but that a writer will get closer to perfection by producing, reflecting on, discussing and reworking successive drafts of a text. In sum, this body of literature indicates that that most scholar nowadays advocate the process approach to teaching and learning writing, and perhaps most of them would agree on this important point that: good product depends on good process. What is Feedback? The term feedback in this review and incidentally in this study embraces the notions of correction, marking, evaluation and responding. It includes what Diab (2006) terms as correction feedback which refers to the editing type and evaluative feedback with reference to the judging type. In effect, the term feedback in this study refers to any information provided to learners about the appropriateness of their performance or the general accuracy of their answers (Diab 2006). As these definitions imply, the notion of feedback on writing was traditionally understood as error corrections teachers made to learners writings. Hence, a brief review of the corrections customarily provided on learners writing errors is in order in the next section. Error Correction When learners have completed their written assignments, teachers are expected to correct them. The corrections then serve to help the learners language development by showing where their knowledge is lacking. Truscott (1996) defined error correction as the correction of grammatical errors for the purpose of improving a learners ability to write accurately (329). This definition can be broadened to include lexical errors, including word choice, word form, capitalization, and typing conventions (Truscott, 1996). However, in terms of second language writing, this definition focuses on the mechanical and form-focused aspects of writing and showing little concern for the organizational types of corrections made by the teachers. Thus, error correction should cover feedback on both linguistic and non-linguistic skills of writing. Non-linguistic features could include instructions on paragraph development, topic string (consistent links throughout the text to relate all parts to the topic), suitable transitions between paragraphs, inclusion of preambles and signposts to increase the overall readability of the written work. Thus, these concepts indicate the extensiveness of the scope of error correction indicating its vital role in developing learner writing in a second language. Learners have a mental picture of how they think a certain grammar rule works, and the corrections should help learners to adjust that picture when they are mistaken (Krashen Terell, 1985:177). Many teachers look at learners errors as part of learning process. But how do we know the extent to which we can let errors recover on their own? What types of errors are to be given more attention to? Therefore, while providing corrections on learners assignments several essential factors should be taken into account. Hendrickson (1980) arguing that simply providing all the correct forms in learners imperfect sentences is an ordeal that can be frustrating to teachers outlines four critical learner factors that have to be considered in error correction. First, one needs to be aware of learners purpose and goals for communicating in writing. Second, the teacher must take into account the learners proficiency in the target language at any given time. The third critical factor is the teachers awareness or error types and frequencies as well as how these aspects relate to the learners goals. The final and probably the most critical factor is the learners attitudes towards the nature of correction. Feedback, whether it is given through corrections or comments, has the purpose of supporting learners learning. Race (2005:95) cites four purposes for feedback: (1) It should help learners to make sense of their work in some way, (2) It should clarify the need of learning by showing the learners what they should be trying to achieve; what the outcome of their work should look like, (3) Its should enhance learners willingness to learn, and finally yet importantly, (4) Feedback should motivate the learners to develop their skills. What becomes evident from the above stated aims is that feedback is highly instrumental in helping language learners improve their level of awareness in learning by making as less mistakes as possible. At the bottom of this reasoning is the fundamental belief that by making the learners aware of the error they make and by getting them to act on those errors in some way, then it is believed that the learners will assimilate the mistakes and eventually not make them in future. In other words, correction is closely linked to language acquisition and particularly to the idea of accurately acquiring the language. This statement itself is making sweeping statements about everything from the quality of the feedback to the ability for learners to acquire language through the feedback we offer them. However, it seems to be the heart of why we do provide feedback. Indeed one could argue that institutions and learners demand feedback and that this is the reason why we provide it, but even these two groups fundamentally believe that correction in some way leads to language acquisition and demand it for that reason. Writers such as Ashwell (2001) have pointed out that with the increased importance of the writing process there may be other reasons for including feedback and these include improving the communicative effectiveness of a given written piece. In other words we correct learners and guide learners so that the written piece they eventually produce communicates their ideas as effectively as possible. This is linked closer to feedback that looks at the content of a written piece rather than the grammatical forms within it. He also points out that an additional reason for correcting learners work is simply because formal accuracy of a written piece matters and that people generally are a lot less accepting of mistakes in written pieces. Having looked at the nature of the concept of feedback, what seems to be of importance in the classroom setting is the appropriateness of the type of feedback provided for certain purposes and for certain recipients. That is, teachers should use appropriate written feedback in order to get effective learners reaction. This goes through motivating learners using their teachers written feedback. There are many types of writing feedback and there are different types of learners reactions. Since every learner has his / her own personal attributes, the type of teachers written feedback given to learners will possibly affect learners state positively or negatively. Accordingly, it is central to look at these different types of teaches written feedback and their influence on learners attainments. Types of Written Feedback Ellis (2009) in his article titled A typology of written corrective feedback types suggests a variety of feedback types for correcting learners written work. He illustrates the types of feedback by examining the various options (both familiar and less familiar) from studies of written feedback that have examined the different options of feedback to date. Ellis (2009) outlines six main methods for providing written corrective feedback. This classification is also adopted to identify the types of feedback in this study. Ellis has categorized the various types of written corrective feedback into six major categories (see Table 2.1). Table 2.1 Categories of Written Corrective Feedback (adopted from Ellis, 2009) Written corrective feedback type Description Direct CF This occurs when the correct form is given in place of an incorrect form. It is the direct correction of error. Indirect CF 1) Indicating only 2) Indicating the specific location Indirect CF occurs when an error is indicated but the correct form is not given. Ellis identifies two types of indirect CF: 1) Indicating only is when an error is noted, such as in the margin, but the exact location is not provided. 2) Indicating the specific location is when the error is underlined or given specific reference. Metalinguistic 1) Error codes 2) Brief grammatical description Metalinguistic feedback occurs when the writer is given a linguistic clue of the error. This can take two forms: 1) The use of abbreviations or error codes 2) A brief grammatical explanation usually given at the bottom of the text or on an attached form The focus of the feedback 1) Focused 2) Unfocused Feedback can take a variety of forms in the way it is given, such as the level of focus. 1) Focused feedback occurs when a limited number of language features are concentrated on. 2) Unfocused feedback occurs when many or all language features are addressed in the feedback. Electronic Electronic feedback occurs via computer mediated methods when a hyperlink is used to indicate an error has occurred. Reformulation Reformulation occurs when a first language user rewrites or reformulates the targeted second language learners text. Due to the significance of Elliss (2009) classification of feedback types in informing the analysis of the data and providing insights into this study the most important feedback types outlined in the proposed scheme will be illustrated in the preceding sections. Direct Versus Indirect Feedback A first distinction in Elliss (2009) classification is made between direct and indirect feedback. Direct feedback refers to highlighting the errors and providing the correct forms to the learners. That is, the correct form is given in place of an incorrect form. Ellis (2009) states that direct feedback has advantage because it will explicit guidance for the learners about how to correct their errors. Similarly, Bartram and Walton, (1991: 84) mentioned that direct corrective feedback, is implemented through underlining the errors and providing the right forms in the learners written work. Examples (1) and (2) below illustrate the direct and indirect types of feedback respectively. (1) at is health Sleeping late in night are very bad for our heelth and brain. As demonstrated in example (1), direct feedback can be provided by indication of the errors accompanied with their correct forms and explanations while in case of indirect corrective feedback, learners errors can be indicated by underlining the errors without any explanation or correcting it. This is can be done by indicating where errors are located only. Example (2) shows indirect feedback. (2) Sleeping late in night are very bad for our heelth and brain. Concurring with Ellis (2009), Ferris and Roberts (2001) suggest that direct corrective feedback is better than indirect corrective feedback with learners/writers of low levels of proficiency, but conversely, Hedge (2000) argues that the dangers of its spoon-feeding effect are that learners overlook their own role in the correction process and may become passive. This is because learners can just mechanically copy the ready-made correction without figuring out the reasons. To make full use of the advantages of direct feedback and indirect feedback and avoid their disadvantages, teachers can consider combining them together. Focused Versus Unfocused Feedback A second distinction in feedback typology is made between focused and unfocused corrective feedback. Ellis (2009) states that in focused corrective feedback much attention is given on one or two types of error which assists the learner to examine several corrections on the same type of error. In unfocused corrective feedback, on the other hand, the learner or the learner is asked to engage in different type of errors, which may confuse the learner focusing on the error. Focused and unfocused correction feedback can also involve all other types of feedback such as direct, indirect, metalinguistic, focused versus unfocused and electronic corrective feedback (Ellis, ibid). Written corrective feedback studies (e.g., Bitchener, Young Cameron, 2005; Truscott, 2009; Sheen, 2007) suggest that when written corrective feedback is focused it is likely to be more effective in promoting acquisition, than unfocused corrective feedback. Sheen (2007), for example, in his study using focused corrective feedback found that such approach is effective in promoting more accurate language use. In a similar vein, Sheen at el.s (2009) studied six intact language classrooms in a pre-academic non-credit EFL program in a US college. The researchers seem to be more focused on two types of written correction (focused and unfocused) and they attempted to investigate the effects in using use adult EFL learners accurate use of English articles, use of grammatical features other than that which is the focus of the correction and the effect for written narrative tasks without error correction on the accurate use of grammatical features other than that which is the focus of the correction. The results confirmed the effectiveness of unfocused corrective feedback on learning English articles. As such, the findings from these studies recommend the teachers to select focused feedback with one or two errors types at one time rather than selecting too many types of errors. The Role Of Written Feedback In EFL Development The importance of feedback lies in quality, not frequency. There are some important aspects to consider before feedback is given. First, whether the provided feedback takes the learners development into account since demonstrating their progress through feedback can create extra motivation to work more efficiently. Motivation is an important part of feedback and lack of enough motivation can lower learners self-esteem. Giving feedback should be about motivating learners and at the same time focus on what they need to improve. This is a difficult balance to keep (Hyland Hyland, 2001:187). As such, the teacher needs to emphasize the efforts the learners made; that is highlighting the learners effort rather than the outcome or the effect it has had on the teacher. There is a difference between I see that you have worked very hard, good job! and I appreciate the hard work you have done! As the latter suggests that the work was done for the teacher, while the former focuses on the learne rs effort. The learners should feel that they work for themselves, not for the teacher (Good and Brophy, 1994:147). A second important aspect of feedback deals with whether the given feedback is based on a conscious strategy or it is provided without any consistent pattern. What this means is that teachers need to establish a consistent and conscious strategy in providing written feedback, so that learners become aware of the patterns of writing that is pointed out consistently by the teacher. However, a third aspect of feedback comes into play when tutors need to provide as various feedback as possible. Only writing Wow! does not say much about the work the learners have carried out. It is better to point out the parts that are impressive and explain why. Also, variation is necessary because if a teacher, for example, constantly writes Good job! the learners might not find it genuine and disregard it (Good Brophy, 1994:147). In the same token, as Harmer (2005) contends, there are more effective ways of correcting than underlining, crossing-out and putting question marks in learners written assignments. Keeping these points in mind could help to make feedback more useful for the learners, and also more appreciated. Variation may also be created through different ways of providing corrections on learners works. For instance, they may use selective correction which means not correcting every mistake the learners make. For selective corrections, the learners must be told before they start writing. If a teacher announces that, for example, only punctuation will be corrected, the learners might concentrate harder and make fewer mistakes in that area. Using correction symbols may be another way adding to variation and effectiveness of correcting. This reduces the amount of red ink all over the essay, which often lowers the learners motivation. Additionally, Harmer (2005:111) mentions reformulation, which means that the teacher shows how a particular sentence can be formulated in another way. That enables the learner to compare a correct version with an incorrect one. Moreover, referring to a dictionary in the feedback is yet another way to make learners learn. They have to look something up with a pu rpose in mind. In this way, they learn as they correct. For instance, if a mistake is difficult to explain, teachers can write ask me next to it so they can explain the mistake to the learner face-to-face. The fourth and final point central to providing effective feedback is to note whether it is restricted to form or it provides insights into the content as well. Gray (2004) suggests that effective feedback should concentrate on content, rather than form; check to see if the learners write fluently. Have they tried to use new words? Do they have the knowledge of going around the problems when their vocabulary is not extensive enough? There are more aspects to look at than only grammar. Hence, it would be a misconception if teachers focus only on mechanical error correction instead of seeking excellence in the learners writing development. With this in mind, the next section presents relevant issues in and appropriate methods of error correction in writing courses. In sum, this brief review indicates that in order to provide effective feedback, EFL teachers need to take into considerations different factors including learner motivation, teacher awareness of his/her feedback strategy, implementation of various types of feedback, and inclusion of both form-focused and content-related corrections in their feedback. These methods of providing feedback can be contrasted to traditional practices of error correction that focused mainly on formal or grammatical aspects of language. Williams (2001) suggests two main shortcomings of traditional methods of correcting grammatical errors. First, correction of learners errors has been found to be unclear and inconsistent when it deals with teachers written feedback. Second, using the traditional methods, learners simply copy their teachers feedback correction and use it in their subsequent drafts. Majority of the learners do not take their teachers written feedback into consideration and study those errors. Rewriting or copying the mistakes without recognizing the essence of the error will create a passive action preventing learners to learn from their mistake. Thus, giving the learners the correct feedback will motivate them with their writing task in a new piece of writing. 2.8 Research Into Types of Feedback on Learners Writing Feedback is just one aspect of EFL education; the other piece of an effective EFL learning programme would be feedback. Feedback occurs between teachers and learners in particular cultural, institutional, and inter-personal contexts, and learner responses are affected by different aspects of the context (Lee, 2009). In the context of EFL education, Lee (2009) examined learner perspectives on teacher feedback, wherein it has been established that in EFL education feedback anchored on the learners personality and personal needs are perceived to be more effective. Hence, the perception of learners with regard to feedback mechanisms often depends on the manner by which the EFL teacher conducts both assessment and feedback mechanisms. In another study, Diab (2005) examined the teacher preferences with regard to error correction and feedback. Through a thorough review of literature, Diab (ibid) was able to observe that more often than not, foreign language learners have different responses to feedbacks regarding pronunciation, error correction, and the importance given to grammar and vocabulary are often different from that of their tutors. Furthermore, Diab (2005) also indicted in his article that foreign language learners are more responsive to corrective feedback, both written and spoken than tutors. This is a good point raised in the sense that effort for a successful EFL programme should not only emanate from the willingness of the learners to learn but also in the ability of the tutors to be efficient and effective in performing their functions. Hy

Title Analysis of Everything that Rises Must Converge By Flannery OConnor :: essays research papers

Literally converge means "to tend toward or approach an intersecting point." But I believe that word's meaning especially in literature changes, or even contains two different meanings. So in the story "Everything that Rises Must Converge" by Flannery O 'Connor converge affects the title but has different meaning. The title means that the past is nothing and the present is more important. Not only that, but everything will return as God made as the time goes by. First of all, the story was written during the time when slaves were emancipated and all of the blacks fought for their own rights and freedom. So the social flow and especially the rights of both races turned out to be "Normal"and "Equal" now. However the author shows that the reaction of discrimination still exists inside the white people and through the actions of Julian's mother. Julian's mother keeps talking about Julian's grandfather who had a lot of slaves and a humongous fortune. However, this was a very dangerous thought at that time of the story, because the black had achieved equality an they were all thinking about equality. The thought led Julian's mother to get hit by a black woman who had the same hat as that of Julain's mother. Her actions of superiority and her action of trying to give the black woman's son a penny provoked the black woman to slap Julian's mother is the face, since in olden days many whites used to give all the young blacks a penny, and reminded the black woman of discrimination. The author, in contrast, also tries to show the equality of two races through Julian himself and his thoughts. When Julian sees his mother wearing the same hat as one of the black woman, he says that the black woman looks better in the hat. Not only that, he tries to engage in conversation with a black man to show the black's wise. In this way, Julian tries to teach his mother that now it is not time for difference but equality, and her thoughts about those blacks should be changed to fit in with the society. Not only that, but the author also shows equality with the backgrounds of the story. Julian graduated from university and his mother is an heir of rich family, yet he is still to-be-a writer, he is poor and has no job at the moment and is desperately in need of money because of his mother's illness. Title Analysis of Everything that Rises Must Converge By Flannery O'Connor :: essays research papers Literally converge means "to tend toward or approach an intersecting point." But I believe that word's meaning especially in literature changes, or even contains two different meanings. So in the story "Everything that Rises Must Converge" by Flannery O 'Connor converge affects the title but has different meaning. The title means that the past is nothing and the present is more important. Not only that, but everything will return as God made as the time goes by. First of all, the story was written during the time when slaves were emancipated and all of the blacks fought for their own rights and freedom. So the social flow and especially the rights of both races turned out to be "Normal"and "Equal" now. However the author shows that the reaction of discrimination still exists inside the white people and through the actions of Julian's mother. Julian's mother keeps talking about Julian's grandfather who had a lot of slaves and a humongous fortune. However, this was a very dangerous thought at that time of the story, because the black had achieved equality an they were all thinking about equality. The thought led Julian's mother to get hit by a black woman who had the same hat as that of Julain's mother. Her actions of superiority and her action of trying to give the black woman's son a penny provoked the black woman to slap Julian's mother is the face, since in olden days many whites used to give all the young blacks a penny, and reminded the black woman of discrimination. The author, in contrast, also tries to show the equality of two races through Julian himself and his thoughts. When Julian sees his mother wearing the same hat as one of the black woman, he says that the black woman looks better in the hat. Not only that, he tries to engage in conversation with a black man to show the black's wise. In this way, Julian tries to teach his mother that now it is not time for difference but equality, and her thoughts about those blacks should be changed to fit in with the society. Not only that, but the author also shows equality with the backgrounds of the story. Julian graduated from university and his mother is an heir of rich family, yet he is still to-be-a writer, he is poor and has no job at the moment and is desperately in need of money because of his mother's illness.

Connection of Figurative Language in the Scarlet Ibis

â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis†, there is a multitude of figurative language used to underline the theme that is repeated in Naomi Long Midget's poem â€Å"Woman with Flower†, ultimately enlightening the reader with a true moral of don't be exceedingly prideful and work something before it is ready. â€Å"Woman with Flower† introduces readers to a woman who is trying to shelter her flower and make it perfect, rather than letting it take its own path and literally letting it grow into a beautiful flower.The poem reflects the short prose â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† via figurative language. An example would be, â€Å"Much growth is stunted by too careful prodding. † This personifies the flower with human like attributes of being sheltered and protected, like many youth are in present time. â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† can also relate to that because of the narrator's need for Doodle's success, not so much for Doodle, but for the narrator's own pride. â€Å"The things we love we have to learn to leave alone. Demonstrates the underlying thought of the prose', when do we leave someone to Geiger life on their own terms, and when do we Intervene and help out? The narrator in â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† struggles to find the answer to this query as he teaches Doodle to walk and become what society views as a normal little boy. In the end of the prose, he makes an irrational decision due to his dwindling patience.

American Indian Culture Gambling - 2358 Words

American Indian culture included gambling for many centuries. More than 100 tribes were known to play different versions of dice games before the Europeans settled in the United States. In the United States, gambling on Indian reservations has become quite common. There are 225 tribes in 28 states who operate some sort of gaming facility. Gambling on reservations was initially established to promote economic development in order to increase the standard of living. It was seen as a way to increase income on poverty-stricken reservations. (Momper 2010) Tribes are responsible for managing social services, health and education, housing and legal issues, natural resources and gaming establishments. Casino profits are generally used to fund educational and social services programs for the tribe. (Momper and Jackson 2007) The Florida Seminole tribe began the Native American gaming Journey by establishing the first high-stakes bingo hall in North America. The revenues received from the bingo hall have significantly changed tribal members’ lives. They have built charter schools, health care centers and other cultural programs to protect their endangered culture. (Cattelino 2010) The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA), passed in 1988, gave Native American tribes in the United States permission to institute gambling and gaming facilities on their reservations. The reservations, however, were required to be located in states that already allowed legalized gambling. Many states andShow MoreRelatedGambling Is A Risk And The Outcome987 Words   |  4 Pages Gambling is an activity in which one bets money while participating in games that are, but are not limited to, cards, slot machines, sporting events, dice, and lotteries that may have a more beneficial outcome (Petry 2005). Fay (2012) found about 85 percent of U.S adults have gambled at least once in their lifetime. Unfortunately, gambling is a risk and the outcome is influenced solely by chance. Many Americans are occasional gamblers who bet relatively small amounts simply for the thrill and enjoymentRead MoreOverview and Challenges of Indian Gaming in San Diego763 Words   |  3 PagesThe history of Native American tribes is a long, complicated, and more often than not, a sad one. Today, thanks to efforts to help tribes preserve their identity, culture and numbers by means of reservations, many Native Americans not only survive, but also thrive. Indian gaming is one means that has been a source of great income and prosperity for Native American tribes in the San Diego region. Although the economic impact of gaming has been very positive, critics of legalizing and regulating suchRead MoreDiscrimination Against Native American Indian1588 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history there have been many minority cultures. Americans first minority group was that of the Native American Indian. The claim made in 1492 by Columbus of being the first to discover America, was the first discrimination against the Native American Indian. How can one claim to discover a body of land when there are already inhabitants on that land? This was just the beginning of the discrimination against Native A mericans and this discrimination continues to this day. When EuropeanRead MoreEssay on Is Gambling Good?1582 Words   |  7 Pagesconfined to Nevada, the gambling industry has started appearing in new locations. Of course, this is expansion is not supported by everyone. In some locations, the government allows casinos on Indian reservations and â€Å"river boat casinos.† Certain governments, such as the state of Nevada, allow gambling in all parts of the state. Originally, gambling was only legal in Nevada. The other locations are fairly recent and many other local governments are considering legalizing gambling in their cities or statesRead MoreNative American Self Determination Movement1441 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing on from this last point the Native American self-determination movement has achieved almost all of its victories without outside help. Indeed many organisations such as the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), Native American Rights Fund (NARF) and National Alaska Native American Indian Nurses Associ ation (NANAINA) are run by and for Native Americans and their interests. As with most civil rights movements but even more the case as Native Americans have their own sovereign citizenshipRead MoreCasinos on Indian Reservations2998 Words   |  12 PagesCan Slot Machines Uplift a Nation? When the subject of Native Americans or Indian reservations is brought up most people bring casino gambling to mind. Approximately five hundred and sixty tribes are recognized by the federal government, and only about one third conduct casino style gambling. (Light and Rand 9) Reservations are sovereign nations, meaning tribes are Dependent on and subordinate to, only the federal government, not the states. (Light and Rand 36) This has been the tribes AceRead MoreNative American Music Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesNative American Music In chapter ten, author Bruno Nettle takes the reader to the town of Browning, Montana, where he is about to witness a modern Native American ceremony. As he observes, he notices that only one-half of the people there are actual Native Americans. The rest are are white tourists and innocent observers just like himself. Eventually, somewhere around eighteen singing groups appear from different tribes and reservations. They will be summoning the dancers into what isRead MoreThe United States Federal Government Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pageslife today for most Native Americans is drastically lower than that of the average non-Native American. Why? The United States federal government failed to continue the upward economic trajectory of the Native peoples. The aid and reconciliation Calvin Coolidge desired were not continued successfully. Instead, it is evident that while the Department of the Interior and the Presidential administrations after Coolidge have have had empathy and a desire for the Native Americans’ good, they mis-target theRead MorePersuasive Essay : The Indian Gaming1941 Words   |  8 PagesPersuasive Synthesis The Indian gaming seems to have been the most effective project in transforming the life of American Indians that is, by creating a way of self-sufficiency for nations. Initially, the tribes had depended on grants from the government, tourism, agriculture as well as light manufacturing to earn a living. Initially, the few businesses that they had started such as shops and basket weaving among others were not successful. Other organizations had failed to prosper and were takenRead MoreEssay The History of Gambling in Ancient Civilizations3908 Words   |  16 PagesThe History of Ancient Gambling Gambling was present in almost every major, ancient civilization. From the Mesolithic rolling of hucklebones, to the Mesopotamian invention of the six-sided die, and finally to the Chinese invention of the card, not only did gambling survive through countless civilizations of ancient history, it evolved into a global phenomenon. Stakes on these games could range from Quadrans, the Roman equivalent of pennies, to betting an entire estate on a simple throw of the